When a heterosexual couple is unable to have penetrative vaginal intercourse, their relationship may be called unconsummated.

The term unconsummated marriage is typically used in cultures where intercourse before marriage is taboo. However, in cultures where sexual relationships outside of marriage are more accepted, the term unconsummated relationship may be used. (Other common terms are honeymoon impotence or wedding night impotence.)

Scientists aren’t sure how many couples are unable to have intercourse. Some couples do not seek help because they feel ashamed or embarrassed, and the situation may continue for several years.

Unconsummated relationships can have a great impact on relationships. Partners may feel confused, rejected, or resentful.

Both male and female sexual dysfunctions can contribute to unconsummated marriages/relationships. Here are some examples:

• Vaginismus occurs when a woman’s pelvic floor muscles contract involuntarily at the start of penetration. This contraction makes the vagina tighter and narrower, making penetration (such as with a penis, finger, or gynecologist’s speculum) becomes extremely difficult or impossible. [Note: Vaginismus is now classified as genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD).]
• Erectile dysfunction (ED) occurs when a man is unable to get or keep an erection rigid enough for penetration. ED may have physical or psychological causes.

• Premature ejaculation (PE) occurs when a man ejaculates before he wishes it to happen.

Learn more:

What is pelvic floor physical therapy?

What are vaginal dilators?

What is erectile dysfunction (ED)? What causes ED? How is ED treated?

Couples can have difficulties consummating their relationships for a variety of reasons:

• Anxiety. Couples who have little or no sexual experience may feel anxious about their first intercourse. They may not know what to expect or worry about their performance.
• Insufficient sex education. Partners may be unfamiliar with sexual anatomy and the sexual response cycle, especially if they have never been in sexual situations before.
• Fear of pain. People may expect intercourse to be painful. For some, this fear may be the result of insufficient education. Hearing stories about painful first intercourse experiences can add to apprehension, too.
• Taboos or negative feelings about sex. People who have grown up believing that sex is “bad” or “dirty” may have trouble consummating their relationships.
• Societal pressure. In some cultures, couples are expected to consummate their marriages within a certain period of time, and families might require proof that consummation has taken place. In others, couples may feel they are supposed to have sex within a certain time frame, regardless of whether they feel ready to do so.
• A sexual secret. People may have an undisclosed sexual orientation or preference.

Learn more:

Are men with anxiety disorders more likely to develop erectile dysfunction (ED)?

How can I manage performance anxiety and psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED)?

Fortunately, couples in unconsummated relationships do have treatment options. Discussing sexual issues with a healthcare provider might feel awkward, but it is an important first step.

Some couples undergo sex therapy, where they learn more about sexuality, such as the details of their own anatomy and their partner’s. They may also learn about how human bodies prepare for sex. For example, a woman who fears pain during intercourse might not be aware that the vagina lubricates for more comfortable penetration. Having this knowledge could help her feel more confident.

During therapy, couples can also practice relaxation and communication techniques that can help them feel more comfortable with sexual situations and with each other as sexual partners.

Issues such as erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and vaginismus can be addressed during sex therapy as well.

Learn more:

What are sex therapists? What do they do? How does one choose a sex therapist?

What happens during sex therapy?

Resources

• Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics and Gynecology via National Library of Medicine - “The unconsummated marriage: causes and management”
  Addar, Mohammed
  (Abstract. Published: February 2004)
  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15672966/
  
  
• International Journal of Impotence Research - “Unconsummated marriage: can it still be considered a consequence of vaginismus?”
  Michetti, P. M., et al.
  (Full-text. Published: May 23, 2013)
  https://www.nature.com/articles/ijir201324
  
  
• Perceptions in Reproductive Medicine - “Is “Unconsummated Marriage” Still an Appropriate Term? A Snapshot of Reality”
  Silvaggi, M., et al.
  (Full-text. Published: November 13, 2017)
  https://crimsonpublishers.com/prm/fulltext/PRM.000506.php