If you and your partner are interested in having anal sex, it is a good idea to be prepared. Although anal sex is mostly safe if you take the appropriate precautions, there are still some risks associated with the activity. The following are some risks associated with anal sex, as well as tips on how to limit these risks to have the most safe, enjoyable experience possible.

Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a risk of any type of sexual activity. However, because skin is more likely to tear during anal sex than it is during vaginal or oral sex, there is an even greater risk of STI transmission. Some STIs that can be spread during anal sex are chlamydia, gonorrhea, hepatitis, HIV, and herpes.

A condom should always be used during anal sex to limit the risk of spreading an STI. Also, while personal lubricants may be helpful (and necessary) during anal sex to facilitate easier penetration, it is important to use a water-based lubricant that will not damage the condom. An oil-based lubricant can damage the integrity of the condom and diminish its effectiveness. It is also important to note that while condoms greatly reduce the risk of STI transmission, they are not 100% effective. For individuals who are at risk of HIV infection, PrEP is a medication that can be taken regularly to reduce the risk of transmission.

Increased Risk of Anal Cancer

The human papillomavirus (HPV), a group of more than 150 viruses, is the most common cause of anal cancer. Having anal sex can increase a person’s risk of the anus becoming infected with HPV, which is spread through skin-to-skin contact. HPV is common, and the body is often able to clear the virus on its own. Nevertheless, there are times when HPV does not go away and can eventually cause cancer, including anal cancer.

Condoms are the best way to protect oneself from HPV infection during anal sex. Again, condoms are not 100% effective, so it is important to communicate with your partner about STI history as well so you can both make the most informed decision possible when it comes to your health.

Possible Injury to the Anal Sphincter

It is possible to injure the anal sphincter during anal sex if one is not careful. The rectum does not produce enough lubrication to facilitate easy penetration, so it is crucial to use plenty of lubricant to avoid injury due to friction. Lubricants with numbing properties should be avoided, however, because experiencing pain can actually prevent an injury from occurring by indicating when it is time to stop sexual activity.

The anal sphincter takes time to dilate, so it is necessary to start small and slow. Many companies offer anal trainers and “butt plugs” of different sizes. Gradually working up to anal sex with increasingly larger penetrative objects is the best way to prevent injury to the anal sphincter or rectum.

Starting with fingers or sex toys that are designed for anal training is the best approach. These sex toys, generally made of silicone, glass, or metal, and must have a flared base that will prevent them from getting stuck in the body. This is why it is important to use devices designed for anal play or training, and to never insert other objects into the anus. If you ever experience an object getting stuck, seek emergency medical care right away. Properly clean anal sex toys after each use to reduce the risk of bacterial infection.

Lastly, when first trying anal sex, it can be helpful for the receptive partner to be in a sexual position that they can control, such as on top.

Conclusion

If anal sex is of interest to both you and your sexual partner, make sure to communicate openly about these topics. Everyone should feel safe and secure during each consensual sexual activity, as well as have all the information they need to make the best decisions for their sexuality and health.

References:

• American Cancer Society. (2020, September 9). Risk Factors for Anal Cancer. https://amp.cancer.org/cancer/types/anal-cancer/causes-risks-prevention/risk-factors.html
  
  
• Colon Rectal Health Center of St. Louis. (2020, January 30). What are the risks of anal sex? https://www.colonrectalcenterstl.com/what-are-the-risks-of-anal-sex/