Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists are widely known for their role in managing type 2 diabetes and promoting weight loss. However, recent research suggests these medications may have an effect on sexual desire. While losing weight can improve body image and self-confidence, leading to a more satisfying sex life, some researchers question whether GLP-1 agonists may reduce sexual interest due to their effects on brain chemistry, particularly serotonin pathways. A few studies suggest a possible link, but the overall picture is still unclear.

How Do GLP-1 Agonists Work?

GLP-1 agonists, such as semaglutide and dulaglutide, mimic the natural GLP-1 hormone, which regulates blood sugar and appetite. These drugs slow digestion, reduce hunger, and help individuals feel full longer, making them effective for weight management. However, GLP-1 is also involved in brain functions beyond appetite, including motivation and reward.

The Connection Between GLP-1 and Serotonin

Serotonin, a neurotransmitter linked to mood regulation, also plays a key role in sexual function. Medications that increase serotonin activity, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) used for depression, are known to decrease sexual desire. This happens because serotonin influences the brain’s reward system, at times reducing the intensity of the reward response to pleasurable activities, including sex.

GLP-1 receptors are found in brain regions associated with reward and motivation, including the hypothalamus and brainstem. Some research suggests that GLP-1 agonists may interact with serotonin pathways, increasing activity at certain serotonin receptors, particularly 5-HT2C. This receptor is linked to decreased sexual desire and has been implicated in the sexual side effects of SSRIs. Nevertheless, other studies have found no evidence of negative impacts of GLP-1 agonists on sexual desire in humans, so findings are mixed.

Evidence from Research and Social Media Data

A study by Tveit et al. (2025) proposed that GLP-1 agonists might reduce sexual desire by enhancing serotonergic activity in the brain. This theoretical model aligns with findings from social media data, where users of GLP-1 agonists have reported decreased libido. Arillotta et al. (2024) analyzed thousands of online discussions about GLP-1 agonists and found that some individuals experienced a decline in sex drive. This suggests a potential effect, but it’s important to remember that sexual desire can be influenced by many factors, including mood, body image, and overall health. Still, while anecdotal, these reports highlight the need for more systematic research into this potential side effect.

Implications and Future Research

GLP-1 agonists offer significant benefits for weight loss and metabolic health, but their potential effects on sexual function should not be overlooked. More research is needed to confirm whether or not GLP-1 agonists have an impact on libido, and if so, whether these effects are reversible. Long-term studies and clinical trials examining sexual function in individuals taking these drugs will help provide clearer answers.

In the meantime, any individual experiencing unexpected changes in libido or sexual function should consult their healthcare provider to explore potential solutions, such as adjusting their medications or addressing other contributing factors.

References:

• Arillotta, D., Floresta, G., Papanti Pelletier, G. D., Guirguis, A., Corkery, J. M., Martinotti, G., & Schifano, F. (2024). Exploring the potential impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on substance use, compulsive behavior, and libido: Insights from social media using a mixed-methods approach. Brain Sciences, 14(6), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14060617
  
  
• Lengsfeld, S., Probst, L., Emara, Y., Werlen, L., Vogt, D. R., Bathelt, C., Baur, F., Caviezel, B., Vukajlovic, T., Fischer, M., & Winzeler, B. (2024). Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide on sexuality in healthy men: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. eBioMedicine, 107, 105284. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964(24)00320-7/fulltext?uuid=uuid%3A70f50b44-0af6-46df-8a31-aa65d2c2a93d
  
  
• Tveit, M. C., Gelfand, S. T., & Simon, J. A. (2025). Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonist weight loss medications decrease sexual desire: A theoretical framework based in the serotonergic pathway. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 22(2), 215–216. https://doi.org/10.1093/jsxmed/qdae182